Galtung, J. and Ruge, M. H. (1965) ‘The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers’, Galtung, J. and Ruge, M. H. (1982) ‘Structuring and Selecting News’, in S. Cohen and J. Charles Hirschman surveys the history of immigration in America in an attempt to understand current attitudes and the future. There are arguments over the numbers and types of immigrants to be admitted, but the idea that sovereign states can and should control population movements across borders is virtually unchallenged. worked for the equal society where people have equal rights and opportunities politically and economically and socially, even today it remains as a ‘wild goose chase’ due to the caste system that prevails in Indian Hindu society. 4.47 ; Rashtreeya Vidyalaya … Immigration, especially clandestine immigration, is higher in the United States than in most other industrial countries, but the underlying dynamics are common to almost all industrial societies (Hirschman 2001).41. (1990a) ‘Culture and Communication’, Archers, J. and Jones, J. For three decades, the battle over immigration restriction was waged in the court of public opinion and in Congress. During some of the peak years of immigration in the early 1900s, about one million immigrants arrived annually, which was more than one percent of the total US population at the time. ; Hope T. Eldridge and Dorothy Swaine Thomas, Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, 1870-1950, Philadelphia 1964, 206-209. Walden has had an impact since it was first published in 1854, originally to small groups and individuals with whom his message resonated. ), Curran, J., Douglas, A. and Whannel, G. (1980) ‘The Political Economy of the Human-Interest Story’, in A. Smith (ed. The demographic challenges of twenty-first century America are not unique. It assesses the media’s impact on criminal justice policies and on public opinion of, and support for authoritarian ideologies and policies. One more thing to be mentioned here is contemporary decline of religion observed by sociologists nowadays. The first impact of immigration is demographic. Digby E. Baltzell, The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America, New York 1964. (1990) ‘TV News: Striking the Right Balance?’, in A. Goodwin and G. Whannel (eds.). The mass media routinely report the extraordinary investments and ingenuity of Latin Americans, Chinese, and Africans who seek to migrate to North America and Europe. The period from 1924 to 1965, when a highly restrictive immigration policy was in place, was exceptional in American history. (2006) ‘Labelling’, in E. McLaughlin and J. Muncie (eds. World Religions in America: An Introduction. The Anglo-centric core of the early twentieth century has been largely replaced with a more cosmopolitan America that places Catholicism and Judaism on a par with Protestant denominations, and the Statue of Liberty has become the national symbol of a nation of immigrants. Immigrants and the second generation have played a remarkable role in the American creative arts, including writing, directing, producing, and acting in American films and plays for most of the first half of the twentieth century (Buhle 2004; Gabler 1988; Most 2004; Phillips 1998; Winokur 1996).31 The majority of Hollywood film directors who have won two or more Academy Awards (Oscars) were either immigrants or the children of immigrants.32 Many of the most highly regarded composers and playwrights of Broadway were the children of immigrants, including George and Ira Gershwin, Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, Jerome Kern, Harold Arlen, and Leonard Bernstein.33 These composers and lyricists who wrote much of the standard American songbook were largely second- and third-generation Jewish immigrants who were reared in ethnic enclaves, but their music has defined the quintessential American musical culture of the twentieth century. It draws on key national and international academic literature and previous studies on the role and functions of the media. Their expectation was that there would be a small increase of arrivals from Italy, Greece, and a few other European countries as families that were divided by the immigration restrictions of the 1920s were allowed to be reunited, but that no long-term increase would result.17, The new criteria for admission under the 1965 Act were family reunification and scarce occupational skills.18 The new preference system allowed highly skilled professionals, primarily doctors, nurses, and engineers from Asian countries, to immigrate and eventually to sponsor their families.